Galaxy kinematics is the study of the motion and dynamics of galaxies, including their rotation, velocity dispersion, and orbits of their component stars and gas. By analyzing the distribution and movements of matter within a galaxy, researchers can better understand the formation, evolution, and structure of galaxies. This field of study often relies on techniques such as spectroscopy, which allows scientists to measure the velocities of stars and gas in galaxies. Understanding galaxy kinematics is key to determining the mass distribution and dark matter content of galaxies, as well as predicting their future evolution.